Lub Hoobkas muaj kev mus ncig ntau zaus. Yog hais tias qhov yuam kev yog cuam tshuam nrog lub transformer, cov laj thawj tseem ceeb tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: transformer internal faults, tsis tsim nyog transformer tiv thaiv chaw, thiab mismatch ntawm transformer thiab load / kab sib chaws. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws:
I. Transformer Internal Faults ua rau kev mus ncig
1. Winding rwb thaiv tsev tawg:Kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv ncaj qha, ua qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ua ntej. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm lub Hoobkas nrog cov plua plav lossis av noo ntau dhau, lossis yog tias lub tshuab hloov pauv tau ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm ntev, cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev winding tuaj yeem muaj hnub nyoog lossis tawg, ua rau cuam tshuam rau -tig lossis theem- mus rau -theem luv circuits. Qhov tam sim no siab tam sim no tsim los ntawm luv luv Circuit Court yuav ua rau overcurrent los yog txawv kev tiv thaiv mus txawv tebchaws, thiab nyob rau hauv cov mob hnyav, kuj tseem tuaj yeem qhib cov roj relay (vim cov roj av sab hauv). Cov tsos mob ib txwm muaj xws li cov suab nrov txawv txawv ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv ua ntej kev mus ncig (humming nce lossis popping suab), roj -immersed transformers tej zaum yuav muaj roj theem los yog roj txau, thiab qhuav- hom transformers yuav emit ib tug burning tsw.
2. Core Faults:Cov xim rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov ntawv silicon steel ntawm cov tub ntxhais yuav tev tawm, tsim ntau cov ntsiab lus hauv av ntawm cov tub ntxhais. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov tub ntxhais eddy tam sim no poob thiab kub nce sai, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv overheat. Cov tub ntxhais loj hauv av ua txhaum kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov tso tawm, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv rau winding rwb thaiv tsev. Cov tsos mob ib txwm muaj xws li qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub plhaub hloov pauv, ua rau tsis muaj - thauj khoom poob, thiab kev mus ncig uas tau kaw los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv raws li "overheat tswb."
3. Coj mus rhaub Changer Faults:Rau cov roj-immersed transformers, yog nyob rau ntawm -load kais hloov pauv lossis tawm-load kais hloov pauv muaj kev sib cuag tsis zoo los yog hlawv, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau ntawm qhov chaw kais. Arc tsim thaum lub sij hawm thauj khoom hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau hauv zos luv luv los yog overcurrent mus ncig. Cov roj xau los ntawm cov kais hloov chamber kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej noo hauv cov roj insulating, txo cov rwb thaiv tsev ua haujlwm. Cov tsos mob muaj xws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev mus ncig ntau zaus tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob, suab nrov txawv txav ze ntawm tus kais hloov pauv, thiab cov qauv ntsuas roj uas qhia txog kev poob ntau dhau.
4. Kev Tiv Thaiv Roj (tshwj xeeb rau roj-immersed transformers):
- Lub teeb Gas Mus Ncig: Cov teeb meem me me hauv lub tshuab hloov pauv (xws li cov pa tawm ib nrab lossis cov cua sov hauv nruab nrab) tsim cov pa roj me me, lossis txo cov roj qib vim tias ya raws lossis dej. Yog tias lub teeb tiv thaiv roj teeb tau teem rau "tawm mus" es tsis yog "teeb", nws yuav nquag ua rau kev mus ncig tsis raug.
- Heavy Gas Trips: Cov kab hluav taws xob sab hauv luv luv lossis cua daj cua dub ua rau muaj roj ntau ntau uas tawm tsam cov roj relay vane, ncaj qha ua rau kev mus ncig.
Ⅱ. Transformer Protection Configuration / Cov chaw tsis raug ua rau muaj kev mus txawv tebchaws tsis raug
Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yog qhov 'kev tiv thaiv' ntawm cov hloov pauv, tab sis tsis tsim nyog qhov teeb tsa lossis teeb meem ntawm cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem ua rau mus ncig tsis tu ncua yam tsis muaj qhov yuam kev. Qhov no yog ib qho uas tsis yog- teeb meem kho vajtse hauv lub Hoobkas mus ncig ua si.
1.Overcurrent Protection Teeb Coefficient Tsawg dhau
Qhov kev teeb tsa tam sim no rau transformer overcurrent tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau teeb tsa raws li qhov ntsuas tam sim no thiab inrush tam sim no. Yog tias qhov teeb tsa tus nqi qis dhau lawm, qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no thaum siab - cov khoom siv fais fab fais fab (xws li cua compressors lossis motors) pib tuaj yeem txhais tsis raug raws li qhov tam sim no, ua rau muaj kev mus ncig. Tej yam tshwm sim: nquag mus ncig ua si thaum lub sij hawm thaum ntau yam khoom pib ib txhij (piv txwv li, pib thaum sawv ntxov), tab sis tsis muaj kev mus ncig ua si thaum pib ib tus neeg tsawg - cov khoom siv fais fab.
2.Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection Teeb tsa qhov dav dhau
Instantaneous overcurrent tiv thaiv yog siv los tiv thaiv luv luv Circuit Court nyob rau hauv lub transformer thiab cov cheeb tsam nyob ze, feem ntau teem rau 3-10 npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas tam sim no. Yog tias qhov teeb tsa qis dhau, lossis qhov kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv mus rau cov khoom xa tawm hauv qab, luv luv - Circuit Court faults nyob rau hauv downstream kab yuav ncaj qha ua rau transformer instantaneous mus txawv tebchaws, es tsis ua hauj lwm downstream keyboards.
3.Kev tiv thaiv Device Sensitivity Imbalance los yog txhaum
Qhib Circuit Court lossis xoob xaim nyob rau sab thib ob ntawm qhov tam sim no transformer (CT) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov teeb liab tam sim no sau los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, misjudging nws li overcurrent; Cov hnub nyoog tiv thaiv relays lossis yuam kev hauv cov txheej txheem kev xav tau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov txawv txav xws li 'trip tsis muaj txhaum' lossis 'tsis tuaj yeem rov qab rov qab tom qab mus ncig.'
4.Tub kub tiv thaiv Teem Tsawg dhau
Rau cov roj transformer lossis winding kub tiv thaiv, yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tau teeb tsa hauv qab cov cuab yeej tau tso cai ua haujlwm kub ib txwm (xws li, sab saum toj - txheej roj kub ntawm cov roj- immersed transformer feem ntau tso cai tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 95 degree), qhov kub siab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov lossis siab dua me ntsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dhau.
Ⅲ. Transformer thiab Load / Grid Mismatch ua rau kev mus ncig
Yog hais tias lub peev xwm ntawm transformer los yog hom tsis sib haum rau lub Hoobkas load, los yog yog hais tias muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv daim phiaj sab, nws yuav ua rau hnyav kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob thiab indirectly ua rau kev mus ncig.
1.Overloaded transformer muaj peev xwm:Tom qab lub Hoobkas ntxiv cov kab ntau lawm tshiab los yog siab - cov khoom siv fais fab, yog tias qhov tseeb load tshaj qhov transformer muaj peev xwm, lub transformer khiav nyob rau hauv tas li overload, ua rau lub winding kub nce mus tas li thiab ua rau overload los yog overheat tiv thaiv mus ncig ua si. Overloading kuj accelerates rwb thaiv tsev laus thiab tej zaum yuav induces internal faults. Tej yam tshwm sim: kev mus ncig ua si feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ntau lawm, lub transformer casing xav tias kub rau qhov kov, thiab lub ammeter qhia tam sim no tshaj tus nqi ntsuas rau lub sij hawm ntev.
2. Low load zog yam:Yog hais tias lub Hoobkas muaj ntau qhov inductive loads (lub cev muaj zog, vuam tshuab) yam tsis muaj lub zog them nyiaj rov qab, lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem poob qis dua 0.85, ua kom lub zog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob pom tseeb thiab txo qis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiag tiag, ua rau "pom ntau dhau." Lub caij no, lub zog qis qis ua rau lub zog transformer tooj liab thiab hlau poob, nce qhov kub thiab ua rau kev mus ncig.
3.Ib feem ntawm daim phiaj-sab voltage hloov pauv:Yog hais tias lub Hoobkas transformer txuas ncaj qha mus rau hauv daim phiaj pej xeem, tam sim ntawd qhov hluav taws xob poob los yog surges ntawm daim phiaj sab thiab kev sib haum xeeb muaj kuab paug tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam transformer:
- Thaum lub sij hawm qhov hluav taws xob poob, cov khoom thauj xws li lub cev muaj zog rub cov tam sim no ntau dua vim qhov tsis muaj hluav taws xob, ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob overcurrent mus ncig.
- Grid harmonics (piv txwv li, los ntawm inverters los yog rectifiers) tuaj yeem ntws mus rau hauv lub transformer, ua rau cov tub ntxhais saturation, nce poob, kub siab dua, thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov tseeb, ua rau kev mus ncig tsis raug.
4.Peb -theem load imbalance:Kev faib tsis sib npaug ntawm peb -theem cov cuab yeej hauv lub Hoobkas tuaj yeem ua rau lub tshuab hloov pauv peb - theem tam sim no sib txawv ntau dua 10%, ua rau xoom- ntu ntu tam sim no hauv kab nruab nrab thiab ua rau xoom- kev tiv thaiv kab ke. Tsis zoo tam sim no kuj ua rau cov transformer hauv zos poob thiab ua rau qhov kub thiab txias nce.
