Hais luv luv, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm PV inverter tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem tseem ceeb:lub zog sau thiab optimization, DC -Kev hloov pauv AC, thiabkab hluav taws xob- txuas / tawm- kev hloov kho kab sib chaws. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxaws los ntawm kev pom ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov qauv tseem ceeb, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb:
I. Lub Hom Phiaj Ua Haujlwm tseem ceeb
Cov yam ntxwv tso zis ntawm PV modules muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab qhov kub thiab txias, nthuav qhia qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov zis hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no. Ntxiv mus, qhov ncaj qha generated DC fais fab tsis tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha rau hauv daim phiaj loj lossis tsav cov khoom siv AC. Yog li ntawd, lub inverter yuav tsum ua kom tiav ob lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb:
Maximize lub zog tso zis: Taug qab lub siab tshaj plaws lub zog tso zis taw tes ntawm PV modules nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm los ntawm MPPT technology los txhim kho lub zog tsim efficiency ntau npaum li sai tau.
Waveform thiab synchronization: Hloov lub zog DC rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob sinusoidal AC lub zog uas ua tau raws li cov qauv kab sib chaws (nrog rau qhov sib xws ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, zaus, thiab theem nrog rau daim phiaj hluav taws xob) kom paub meej tias daim phiaj - txuas kev nyab xeeb lossis kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm kev tawm - daim phiaj.
II. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yooj yim ntawm Photovoltaic Inverters
Noj feem ntaudaim phiaj - txuas PV inverterRaws li qhov piv txwv, tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub theem:
Kauj Ruam 1: DC Input thiab Lim (DC-Side Processing)
DC fais fab tso zis los ntawm series / parallel- txuas PV modules tsis ruaj khov, nrog rau qhov hluav taws xob ripples thiab tam sim no hloov pauv los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv module.
Lub inverter ua ntej txuas mus rau DC lub zog los ntawm aDC fuse(rau kev tiv thaiv overcurrent) thiab aDC surge arrester(rau kev tiv thaiv surge).
Tom qab ntawd, lim Circuit Court tsim los ntawmDC lim capacitors / inductorsyog siv los ua kom cov kev hloov pauv ntawm DC voltage, muab cov tswv yim DC ruaj khov rau theem tom ntej hloov dua siab tshiab.
Kauj Ruam 2: Qhov Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm (MPPT)
Qhov no yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb rau lub inverter los txhim kho lub zog tsim hluav taws xob. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tso zis hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no ntawm PV modules nyob rau lub sijhawmtswj algorithms, xam cov zis tam sim no, thiab dynamically kho DC input voltage ntawm lub inverter kom lub PV modules khiav hauj lwm ntawm lub point ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws lub hwj chim tso zis txhua lub sij hawm.
Feem ntau MPPT algorithms: Perturbation and Observation (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC). Ntawm lawv, txoj kev incremental conductance muaj ntau dua precision thiab yog haum rau scenarios nrog ceev illumination hloov.
Txoj kev ua: Kho qhov hluav taws xob DC los ntawm aDC -DC converter(xws li Boost step-up circuit). Thaum cov zis voltage ntawm PV modules qis, Boost Circuit Court boosts nws mus rau ib tug DC tsheb npav voltage haum rau inversion (piv txwv li, ib tug 380V DC tsheb thauj mus rau ib tug 380V AC tso zis).
Kauj Ruam 3: DC - AC Conversion (Core Inversion Stage)
Qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub inverter, uas qhov tseem ceeb hloov DC lub zog ruaj khov rau hauv AC lub zog zoo ib yam li sine yoj los ntawm qhov siab - zaus ntawm - tawm haujlwm ntawmhluav taws xob hluav taws xob hloov khoom siv. Raws li cov txheej txheem topological sib txawv, nws feem ntau muab faib uaib zaug -phase inverter(rau pej xeem tsawg- daim ntawv thov fais fab) thiabpeb -phase inverter(rau kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam siab -cov ntawv siv hluav taws xob), nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
Hloov cov khoom siv: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) los yog Hlau -Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) tau txais yuav, uas yog "cov keyboards hluav taws xob" rau kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm -tso tswj hauv microseconds.
Inverter choj topology: Feem ntau siv yog covpuv -bridge inverter Circuit Court(nrog 4 hloov khoom siv rau ib zaug -theem thiab 6 rau peb-theem). Noj ib zaug -theem puv- choj Circuit Court ua piv txwv:
Tus maub los outputsPulse Width Modulation (PWM) signalslos tswj lub rau - tawm ib ntus thiab lub luag haujlwm voj voog ntawm 4 IGBTs.
Los ntawm kev kho cov mem tes dav, "square yoj mem tes tsheb ciav hlau" tso tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv hloov pauv tau lim los ua AC lub zog ze rau sine yoj.
AC lim: Lub zog AC tom qab kev hloov pauv muaj siab - zaus harmonics, uas yuav tsum tau lim tawm los ntawm ib qhoLC lim Circuit Courttsim los ntawm AC lim inductors thiab capacitors kom tau txais cov ntshiab sinusoidal AC zog.
Kauj Ruam 4: Daim phiaj- txuas / Tawm- kab sib chaws hloov kho thiab kev tiv thaiv (AC- ua haujlwm sab)
1. Daim phiaj- txuas inverters: Synchronization thiab kab sib txuas
Yog tias lub inverter siv rau daim phiaj - txuas lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov zis AC fais fab yognyob rau tib zaus, theem, thiab voltageRaws li lub mains grid:
Tiag -lub sij hawm txheeb xyuas qhov voltage zaus thiab theem ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob los ntawmTheem -Locked Loop (PLL) thev naus laus zis, kho cov theem thiab zaus ntawm AC lub zog tso zis los ntawm lub inverter, thiab ua tiav cov synchronization meej nrog rau daim phiaj fais fab.
Txuas rau daim phiaj hluav taws xob los ntawm ib qhoAC contactor, thiab xyuas kom daim phiaj - txuas kev nyab xeeb los ntawmIslanding tiv thaiv, overvoltage / undervoltage tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv overcurrent, tiv thaiv zaus.
2. Off-grid inverters: Fais fab mov ncaj qha
Yog hais tias lub inverter yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug off{0}}daim phiaj system (piv txwv li, photovoltaic fais fab mov nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb), lub lim sinusoidal AC fais fab mov yog muab ncaj qha mus rau lub loads (xws li, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom siv hauv tsev). Meanwhile, nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lub zog cia roj teeb kom ua tiav qhov kev tswj hwm ruaj khov.
III. Lub ntsiab hom ntawm Photovoltaic Inverters thiab Topological sib txawv
Ntau hom inverters muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis nyob rau hauv lub topology ntawm lub inversion theem thiab yog haum rau txawv scenarios:
Central inverters(siab- zog, rau kev lag luam / kev lag luam siv thiab photovoltaic fais fab nroj tsuag):
txais yuavfais fab zaus transformer / siab- zaus transformertopology. Qee hom transformerless (tsis yog- cais) hom tau txais kev sib cais los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nrog lub zog ncav cuag ob peb megawatts. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke siab thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab kev saib xyuas.
Txoj hlua inverter(lub zog nruab nrab thiab me me, siv hauv tsev thiab faib cov tshuab photovoltaic):
Txhua txoj hlua PV tau nruab nrog tus tswj hwm MPPT ywj pheej, thiab cov theem inversion txais tag nrho - choj topology. Nws tuaj yeem taug qab lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua txoj hlua ntawm nws tus kheej, yoog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlua sib txawv (xws li shading).
Microinverters(tsawg- zog, rau tsev neeg photovoltaic systems):
Ncaj nraim nruab rau sab nraum qab ntawm PV modules, nrog ib lub microinverter sib haum rau ib qho module, paub txog "module-theem inversion". Nws muaj lub siab tshaj plaws MPPT precision thiab yog haum rau complex illumination ib puag ncig.
IV. Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Inversion efficiency: High-inverter zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm ntau dua 98% (European efficiency), uas feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov kev poob ntawm cov khoom siv hloov pauv thiab qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm MPPT.
Tag nrho Harmonic Distortion (THD): Daim phiaj- txuas inverters xav tau THD Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5%. Qhov qis dua THD, qhov purer qhov tso zis sine yoj thiab qhov me me cuam tshuam rau daim phiaj hluav taws xob.
MPPT efficiency: Feem ntau yuav tsum muaj ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99%, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tag nrho lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntawm photovoltaic system.
Cov ntsiab lus
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm PV inverter yog raupaub lub zog daim ntawv hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm siab - zaus hloov kho nrog lub zog hluav taws xob hloov khoom siv ua lub hauv paus, thaum ua tiav lub zog optimization thiab daim phiaj hloov kho los ntawm kev tswj algorithms. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm yog nyob rau hauv:realizing zog optimization los ntawm DC-DC converters, ua tiav DC-AC hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm PWM-modulated inverter txuas hniav, thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg kab sib txuas los ntawm theem- xauv loops thiab tiv thaiv circuits. Cov txheej txheem no tsis tsuas yog siv cov yam ntxwv hloov pauv ceev ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis tab sis kuj tseem sib txuas cov kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm txoj kev xav, ua qhov txuas tseem ceeb rau kev siv hluav taws xob zoo hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic.
