In tag nrho cov saw hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, kev sib kis, thiab kev faib tawm, siab thiab qis hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tseem ceeb. Lawv ua haujlwm zoo li "chaw nres tsheb" ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, lub luag haujlwm rau kev faib khoom, tswj, thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si tau nthuav tawm hauv cov txee, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm voltage, kev tsim qauv, thiab kev ua haujlwm, uas ncaj qha txiav txim siab lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv lub zog. Kab lus no yuav qhia meej txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov siab thiab qis voltage switchgear los ntawm ntau qhov tseem ceeb.
1. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm qhov voltage
Voltage theem yog tus qauv tseem ceeb rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov siab thiab qis voltage switchgear. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam hluav taws xob tau hais meej meej tias cov khoom siv nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm 1 kV lossis qis dua yog suav tias yog qis- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum cov khoom siv siab tshaj 1 kV suav tias yog siab - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov qauv no ncaj qha txhais cov kev siv ntau yam ntawm high thiab low voltage switchgear.
Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau ntawm siab -voltage switchgear feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 3 kV thiab 40.5 kV, nrog rau cov qib ib txwm yog 6 kV, 10 kV, thiab 35 kV. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev sib kis thiab kev faib tawm ntawm high -voltage hluav taws xob lub zog thiab yuav tsum tau tiv taus high voltage shocks. Yog li ntawd, cov kev cai ntawm rwb thaiv tsev yog nruj heev, thiab nws yuav tsum dhau ib tug series ntawm nruj kev ntsuam xyuas nrog rau lub hwj chim zaus tiv taus voltage thiab xob laim impulse withstand voltage. Txoj kev rwb thaiv tsev tshwj xeeb xws li SF6 roj rwb thaiv tsev lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev feem ntau siv los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm qis-voltage switchgear yog txwv rau AC 1000 V lossis qis dua. Feem ntau siv 380 V muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab 220 V qhov hluav taws xob nyob hauv tsev tau muab faib thiab tswj los ntawm nws. Piv nrog rau siab -voltage switchgear, qhov kev xav tau ntawm rwb thaiv tsev rau qis-voltage switchgear yog qis dua, feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev ua kom muaj qhov tsim nyog creepage nrug thiab hluav taws xob tshem tawm kom tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb. Cua rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau yog siv, thiab cov qauv tsim yog yooj yim dua.
2. Kev tsim qauv tsim: Kev sib txawv rau kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb
Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qib voltage, siab -voltage thiab low-voltage switchgear muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tsim rau kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb, nrog rau qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv ob lub txee cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem sab hauv.
High-voltage switchgear, los tiv thaiv kev hem thawj los ntawm siab -voltage arcs thiab hluav taws xob quab yuam, feem ntau siv cov qauv hlau uas muaj nyob hauv, feem ntau yog armored, compartmentalized, los yog lub thawv- hom ntawv. Qee qhov tshem tau (cov tub rau khoom- hom) siab-voltage switchgear kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas hluav taws xob, ua kom yooj yim txij nkawm thaum ua kom muaj hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua. Vim tias high-voltage switching operations yuav tsim tau cov pa roj ntau heev, high-voltage txee yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej siv siab kom tso tawm sai sai thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg. Ntxiv mus, kom tsis txhob muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis raug, siab -voltage switchgear yog nruab nrog cov "tsib-kev tiv thaiv" kev sib cuam tshuam, ua tiav ntau theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb xws li tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis raug ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv kev kaw ntawm kev thauj khoom- cais cov keyboards.
Tsawg-voltage switchgear tsim tsom ntau dua ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv, feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov hom ruaj khov (xws li GGD series) thiab hom tub rau khoom (xws li GCK thiab GCS series). Cov tub rau khoom- hom qauv tso cai rau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv sai, txhim kho kev txij nkawm zoo thiab nthuav dav yooj yim. Lawv qib kev tiv thaiv yog hloov tau yooj yim dua thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li kev siv ib puag ncig. Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv hauv txee feem ntau yog hlau, lub thickness thiab lub zog yuav tsum tau qis dua cov khoom rau siab -voltage txee, thiab tsis tas yuav muaj cov cuab yeej siv siab siab. Zuag qhia tag nrho, lawv yog me me, sib dua, thiab yooj yim rau nruab thiab thauj.
3. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab kev tiv thaiv kab ke: qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tsim qauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab thiab tsis tshua muaj siab ua haujlwm rau lawv qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nrog rau siab -voltage txee tsom rau "qhov chaw tiv thaiv thiab siab- tswj kev siab", thiab qis- cov khoom hluav taws xob tsom mus rau "kev faib tawm thiab kev tiv thaiv meej".
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub siab -voltage txee yog siab heev- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, suav nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, SF6 Circuit Court breakers, cais cov hloov pauv, tam sim no / voltage transformers, xob laim ntes, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, Circuit Court breaker, raws li cov tub ntxhais hloov lub caij, yuav tsum muaj lub zog arc extinguishing tam sim no {4} muaj peev xwm txiav tawm. milliseconds. transformers yog siv los ntsuas qhov ntsuas tam sim no thiab voltage ntawm siab -voltage circuits los muab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb kev tiv thaiv thiab saib xyuas; Lub teeb ntes hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb tsim los daws cov teeb meem txawv txav xws li xob laim overvoltage kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev. Hais txog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, lub siab-voltage txee tso siab rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv relay kom ua tiav ntau yam kev tiv thaiv qib siab xws li dhau- tiv thaiv tam sim no, ceev- tiv thaiv tawg, tiv thaiv hauv av, thiab kev tiv thaiv undervoltage.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm qis- cov khoom hluav taws xob feem ntau yog qis dua - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, xws li cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. trippers los txhim kho qhov tseeb thiab kev txawj ntse qib kev tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qis- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog nruab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob reactive, cov ntsuas ntse thiab lwm yam khoom siv los ua kom lub zog zoo thiab saib xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau sib txawv ntawm kev lag luam automation thiab kev faib hluav taws xob hauv pej xeem. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv complex ntawm high-voltage txee, kev tiv thaiv logic ntawm qis-voltage txee yog yooj yim dua thiab ncaj qha, thiab tseem ceeb dua yog muab tso rau kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg.
4. Kev ua haujlwm hom: sib npaug ntawm kev yooj yim thiab kev nyab xeeb
Tus tsim ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm mechanism ntawm lub siab thiab tsis tshua muaj siab txee siab qhia txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "siab siab thiab hnyav kev nyab xeeb, tsis tshua muaj siab thiab yooj yim", thiab cov complexity thiab automation℃yog obviously txawv.
Lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab-voltage txee yog qhov nyuaj heev, vim tias qhov siab -voltage hloov yuav tsum tau kov yeej lub zog hluav taws xob loj, feem ntau yog siv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub zog cia lossis hluav taws xob ua haujlwm hom, thiab qhov qhib thiab kaw yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem cia lub zog ua ntej. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub siab -voltage txee yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob sib cuam tshuam, nruj me ntsis txwv txoj haujlwm ua ntu zus, tiv thaiv tus cwj pwm txaus ntshai xws li kev ua haujlwm thauj khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis raug, thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj ntawv tso cai raws li cov cai nruj.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm qis- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov yooj yim dua thiab hloov tau yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws, thiab qee qhov loj qis - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Nws txoj kev sib cuam tshuam yog qhov yooj yim, feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv cov tub rau khoom los ntawm kev ntxig lossis rub tawm los ntawm kev ua yuam kev thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nyuaj, kev ua haujlwm zoo tib yam thiab kev saib xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav cov haujlwm txhua hnub nrog kev cob qhia yooj yim. Qhov kev tsim qauv sib txawv no tshwm sim los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ua haujlwm qis ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg -voltage thiab ntau dua rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas kom zoo.
5. Daim ntawv thov scenarios: kev faib cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob
Qhov kev ua haujlwm sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab thiab tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob txiav txim siab tias lawv nyob hauv cov kev sib txuas sib txawv hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, ua haujlwm rau cov kev xav tau hluav taws xob sib txawv, thiab tsim cov qauv kev faib ua haujlwm ntawm "kev siv hluav taws xob siab thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg".
High-cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov tub ntxhais txuas ntawm high-voltage fais fab kev txais tos thiab xa tawm, thiab cov xwm txheej muaj xws li cov chaw nres tsheb ntawm 35kV thiab hauv qab no, tag nrho cov kauj ruam-down chaw nres tsheb ntawm cov chaw lag luam loj thiab mining, lub nplhaib network units thiab hloov chaw nres tsheb ntawm nroog 10kV fais fab kev sib txuas hluav taws xob xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, chaw nres tsheb thiab cua ua liaj ua teb. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, lub siab -voltage txee ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas cov transformers, faib siab -voltage hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab cais cov kab txhaum, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv tshuaj, metallurgical, tsheb ciav hlau thiab lwm yam kev lag luam nrog cov kev xav tau siab heev rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua 8} thiab txawm tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua -}. tseem ceeb.
Tsawg- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj qhov tob tob hauv qhov txuas txuas ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab tau muab faib rau ntau qhov chaw xws li kev cob qhia kev lag luam, chaw ua lag luam, cov zej zog, tsev kho mob, thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Hauv cov xwm txheej hauv kev lag luam, nws tswj kev pib- nres thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim khoom xws li cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab cov khoom siv conveyor. Hauv cov tsev, nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev faib hluav taws xob ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo, cua txias, elevators thiab lwm yam khoom siv tshuab thiab hluav taws xob; Hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, nws ua haujlwm nrog UPS cov tshuab kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lub zog rau cov khoom siv tseem ceeb xws li cov servers. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias qhov qis -voltage txee yog " mais kawg" uas ncaj qha txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov neeg siv kawg, thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm thiab cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob.
6. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv: ntim, nqi thiab kev saib xyuas
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntim, nqi thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv siab thiab qis. Vim qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom haum siab loj -voltage Cheebtsam thiab cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev nyuaj, siab - cov khoom hluav taws xob loj dua thiab hnyav dua, thiab qee qhov loj siab - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau nqa thiab thauj, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom yog siab dua li cov khoom qis -voltage txee. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev txij nkawm, kev txij nkawm kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog siab, thiab kev saib xyuas kev tshaj lij xws li kev ntsuas rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev tiv thaiv relay yuav tsum tsis tu ncua, thiab kev tu lub voj voog thiab tus nqi siab. Kev saib xyuas ntawm qis-voltage txee yog qhov yooj yim, feem ntau suav nrog kev tu tsis tu ncua, qhov thaiv thaiv qhov nruj, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob hauv Circuit Court thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, nrog cov nqi tu thiab tsis tshua muaj teeb meem.
Xaus
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, txawm hais tias siab-voltage thiab qis-voltage switchgear ob leeg yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov voltage, qauv tsim, thiab kev siv ua haujlwm. High-cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ua "core hub" ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa cov hluav taws xob siab -voltage hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb; low-voltage txee ua raws li "cov hlab ntsha peripheral" ntawm kev faib hluav taws xob, ua kom muaj hluav taws xob ruaj khov thiab meej rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Hauv kev siv cov tswv yim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xaiv cov kev tshawb fawb raws li cov yam ntxwv xws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj hluav taws xob, hom kev thauj khoom, thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios, thaum tseem siv cov kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kev tswj xyuas, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev lag luam ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov cuab yeej ntse ntse, ob hom khoom siv tau hloov mus rau kev txawj ntse thiab kev ruaj ntseg ib puag ncig, tab sis qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb no raws li lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yuav txiav txim siab lawv txoj haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv lub zog.
